In the past 2 decades, the application of smart concrete with self-sensing ability in the infrastructure SHM system has been extensively developed. The emergence of self-sensing cement-based materials provides a new idea for self-sensing sensors, which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional sensors. Traditional SHM has achieved great success, but conventional sensors have poor durability, high construction requirements, and poor material compatibility, limiting their wide application in concrete materials. Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) of concrete is essential it has attracted extensive attention worldwide. It is vital to prevent and delay the development of micro-nano cracks early by implementing crack detection techniques. The destruction of concrete starts with micro-nano cracks, developed into macroscopic cracks, and finally, the concrete fails. It is essential to perceive the service status of concrete structures in real-time to provide early warning, repair, and control damage in critical situations. If the damage is not discovered and is instead ignored, these defects will evolve into serious problems, endangering the usability and safety of the structure, which can easily lead to catastrophic emergencies and cause significant property and personnel losses. During long-term application, load fatigue effects and natural disaster erosion will cause a considerable accumulation of structural damage, eventually destroying the structure. Many structural damage problems start from minor defects. The service life of civil engineering infrastructure can be as long as dozens or even hundreds of years. The mechanism is related to the fiber’s shape, content, size, and surface structure ( Chang et al., 2020 Cui et al., 2021 Ramezani et al., 2022). Each fiber has its strengthening and toughening mechanism. In overcoming these shortcomings and preparing high-strength, high-toughness cement-based materials, fibers of different scales have attracted widespread attention. However, ordinary concrete has low mechanical performance, less toughness, easy cracking, and poor durability, which reduces the service life of the concrete and severely limits material development. The most important properties of concrete materials include compressive strength and flexural strength, toughness, rigidity, and ductility. It makes concrete a durable and economical building material ( Sheikh et al., 2021). The cementitious material combines the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate and effectively transfers the compressive load to the stronger aggregate throughout the entire mixture. After contact with water, a hydration reaction forms a cementitious material. Concrete consists of cement, aggregate, and water. Finally, we discussed the existing problems and challenges in developing and applying CNT in cement-based materials and suggested future research.Ĭoncrete is a widely used building material in the construction field, with low cost and stable performance. In addition, the application and development prospects of CNT in 3D printing concrete have been prospected. The functionalized applications of CNT in cement-based materials are reviewed, including sensing performance, structural health monitoring of concrete, electromagnetic shielding, and other applications. This article introduces the techniques for the dispersion characterization of CNT and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. Studies have shown that adding CNT will significantly improve the performance of cement-based materials. Researchers have explored the preparation and characterization of CNT reinforced cement-based materials. It has received extensive attention due to its unique multifunctional properties in engineering materials. 3Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, ItalyĬarbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising nanomaterial with excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical stability.2School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.1Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.Kai Cui 1,2, Jun Chang 2*, Luciano Feo 3, Cheuk Lun Chow 1 and Denvid Lau 1*
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